A Lesson Before Dying Summary

Grant Wiggins, an educated black man, resides in a rural setting outside of Bayonne, Louisiana, where he works as a teacher. His life takes an unexpected turn when Jefferson, a dim-witted individual, is wrongfully accused of murder and condemned to death. Following a failed attempt to rob a liquor store, Jefferson is found at the crime scene where the shop owner and two accomplices have been killed. During the trial, Jefferson's lawyer argues that he is little more than a "hog" and incapable of such an act. This argument fails to sway the jury, and Jefferson is found guilty. Jefferson's godmother, Miss Emma, deeply disturbed by the lawyer's derogatory comparison, requests that Grant help Jefferson face his impending death with dignity.

Initially, Grant is reluctant to involve himself in Jefferson's plight despite witnessing the constant injustices endured by his fellow black men. Yet, coerced by his aunt, Tante Lou, he decides to assist. During the initial visits, Grant, Miss Emma, and Tante Lou find Jefferson sullen and unresponsive, having internalized the lawyer's words. Jefferson stubbornly resists Grant's persistent efforts to instill a sense of dignity within him. However, a breakthrough occurs when Grant brings up the topic of Jefferson's final meal, and Jefferson expresses his wish for a gallon of vanilla ice cream. The shared love for ice cream bridges the gap between them, and Grant further strengthens their bond by gifting Jefferson a radio and a notebook to pen his thoughts.

As the execution date looms, Grant's relationships with his girlfriend, Vivian, and Reverend Ambrose become strained. Vivian feels neglected as Grant uses their relationship as a refuge from his troubles, while Reverend Ambrose insists that Grant put his atheistic beliefs aside to help save not just Jefferson's character but his soul. Meanwhile, Jefferson's impending execution becomes a talking point in the town leading to a surge in visitors, which makes Jefferson realize the gravity of his situation. Although he doesn't attend the execution, Grant orders his students to honor Jefferson's memory. The news of Jefferson's brave conduct during the execution leaves Grant with a sense of profound sadness.